[摘 要] 本文运用知识生产函数模型,以中国工业行业(1993~2008)为研究对象,在将R&D资本存量分为本国本行业R&D、本国其它行业R&D、外国本行业R&D、外国其它行业R&D资本存量的基础上,首先运用随机前沿生产函数方法对中国R&D投入的产出效率进行了实证研究,随后综合考虑了人力资本、贸易开放度、技术距离、行业竞争程度、物质资本存量、行业技术水平、产权结构等因素对R&D产出效率的影响。结论显示,除外国其它行业R&D资本对R&D投入的产出效率影响不显著外,其它三种R&D资本存量均有显著的正的影响,且人力资本、贸易开放度、物质资本存量等因素均显著的促进了R&D产出效率的提升,技术距离则对R&D产出效率的提升有抑制作用,行业竞争程度对R&D产出效率影响不显著,高技术行业R&D产出效率要比非高技术行业低,国有产权比重较高行业R&D产出效率与国有产权比重较低行业相比并无显著差异。
关键词 R&D投入;产出效率;知识生产函数;随机前沿生产函数
中图分类号 F403.6 文献标识码 A
The R&D production efficiency and the influencing factors on
Chinese’s industrial sector
Abstract:This paper choose Chinese industrial sector (1993~2008) as the research objects, based on the R&D capital has divided into the R&D capital in the same sector in the same country, the R&D capital in the same sector in other countries, the R&D capital in the other sectors in the same country, the R&D capital in the other sectors in other countries, firstly using the knowledge production function model and stochastic frontier production function method to empirical study the R&D production efficiency on Chineses industrial sector, then to study on how the factors of industry human capital、the degree of trade openness、technology gap、industry competition degree、physical capital stock 、technical level、the structure of ownership structure to impact on the R&D production efficiency. The conclusion shows that except the R&D capital in the other sectors in other countries, the other three R&D capital have a significant positive impact on the R&D production efficiency,and the factors of the human capital 、the degree of trade openness and the physical capital stock have a significant positive improve the R&D production efficiency,the technology gap have a inhibitory effects on the R&D efficiency improvement ,the industry competition degree and the state-owned property industry have not a significant impact on the R&D production efficiency, and the high-tech industry have the higher R&D production efficiency.
Key Words:R&D input;Production efficiency; The knowledge production function; Stochastic frontier production function
一、引言
人类社会发展的历史表明,科学技术是第一生产力,作为经济社会发展的重要支撑,科学技术水平决定了一个国家的发展速度和国际地位。过去十几年间,中国研发投入以较快的速度增长。1993年R&D经费支出总额为248.0亿元, 2011年R&D经费支出总额为8610亿元,从1993年到2011年,中国R&D经费总额不仅增长近34倍,而且其世界排位也从第14位上升到第3位。如果内生经济增长理论是正确的,那么中国的技术水平也应该得到很大的提升,达到发达国家水平,但很显然现实情况并非如此。为什么大量的科技投入却未能带来技术水平的显著提升呢?由于R&D投入资源是有限的,在现有的制度、经济环境下,如果不能有效的利用R&D投入,使R&D产出达到最优水平,那么R&D投入对技术进步的提升作用将很明显受到限制,从而对经济增长的促进作用也不会很明显。因此,如何更有效的利用R&D资源达到更多的R&D产出呢?影响R&D投入的产出效率的影响因素究竟是什么?中国工业行业R&D投入的产出效率究竟怎么样?弄清这些问题对中国今后更合理的配置R&D资源、提升R&D投入的产出效率具有重要的现实意义。